Best 66 quotes of Robert M. Sapolsky on MyQuotes

Robert M. Sapolsky

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    Robert M. Sapolsky

    Almost always, genes are about potentials and vulnerabilities rather than about determinism.

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    Robert M. Sapolsky

    An open mind is a prerequisite to an open heart.

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    Robert M. Sapolsky

    As long as experiencing your optimal level of good stress doesn't damage others, it's hard to objectively define where normal enjoyment of stimulation becomes adrenaline junkiehood.

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    Robert M. Sapolsky

    Brains distinguish between an Us and a Them in a fraction of a second. Subliminal processing of a Them activates the amygdala and insular cortex, brain regions that are all about fear, anxiety, aggression, and disgust.

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    Robert M. Sapolsky

    But if you get chronically, psychosocially stressed, you're going to compromise your health. So, essentially, we've evolved to be smart enough to make ourselves sick.

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    Robert M. Sapolsky

    But often, it's easier to resist temptation with distraction, or to be so inculcated in doing the right thing that it's automatic, outside the frontal cortex's portfolio - Then it isn't the harder thing, it's the only thing you can do.

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    Robert M. Sapolsky

    Depression is not generalized pessimism, but pessimism specific to the effects of one's own skilled action.

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    Robert M. Sapolsky

    Digestion is quickly shut down during stress…The parasympathetic nervous system, perfect for all that calm, vegetative physiology, normally mediates the actions of digestion. Along comes stress: turn off parasympathetic, turn on the sympathetic, and forget about digestion.

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    Robert M. Sapolsky

    Essentially, we humans live well enough and long enough, and are smart enough, to generate all sorts of stressful events purely in our heads.

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    Robert M. Sapolsky

    Finish this lecture, go outside, and unexpectedly get gored by an elephant, and you are going to secrete glucocorticoids. There's no way out of it. You cannot psychologically reframe your experience and decide you did not like the shirt, here's an excuse to throw it out - that sort of thing.

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    Robert M. Sapolsky

    For example, most mammals are either monogamous or polygamous. But as every poet or divorce attorney will tell you, humans are confused - After all, we have monogamy, polygamy, polyandry, celibacy, and so on. In terms of the most unique thing we do socially, my vote goes to something we invented alongside cities - we have lots of anonymous interactions and interactions with strangers. That has shaped us enormously.

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    Robert M. Sapolsky

    Fossey, Fossey, you cranky difficult strong-arming self-destructive misanthrope, mediocre scientist, deceiver of earnest college students, probable cause of more deaths of the gorillas than if you had never set foot in Rwanda, Fossey, you pain-in-the-ass saint, I do not believe in prayers or souls, but I will pray for your soul, I will remember you for all of my days, in gratitude for that moment by the graves when all I felt was the pure, cleansing sadness of returning home and finding nothing but ghosts.

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    Robert M. Sapolsky

    Genes are important for understanding our behavior. Incredibly important - after all, they code for every protein pertinent to brain function, endocrinology, etc.

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    Robert M. Sapolsky

    Genes are rarely about inevitability, especially when it comes to humans, the brain, or behavior. They're about vulnerability, propensities, tendencies.

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    Robert M. Sapolsky

    Get it wrong, and we call it a cult. Get it right, in the right time and the right place, and maybe, for the next few millennia, people won't have to go to work on your birthday.

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    Robert M. Sapolsky

    Hormones influencing the sensitivity of the person to environmental stimuli.

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    Robert M. Sapolsky

    If a rat is a good model for your emotional life, you're in big trouble.

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    Robert M. Sapolsky

    If I had to define a major depression in a single sentence, I would describe it as a "genetic/neurochemical disorder requiring a strong environmental trigger whose characteristic manifestation is an inability to appreciate sunsets.

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    Robert M. Sapolsky

    If you care about your longevity and health, be a socially affiliated baboon who is better than high-ranking ones at walking away from provocations.

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    Robert M. Sapolsky

    If you live in a baboon troop in the Serengeti, you only have to work three hours a day for your calories, and predators don't mess with you much. What that means is you've got nine hours of free time every day to devote to generating psychological stress toward other animals in your troop. So the baboon is a wonderful model for living well enough and long enough to pay the price for all the social-stressor nonsense that they create for each other. They're just like us: They're not getting done in by predators and famines, they're getting done in by each other.

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    Robert M. Sapolsky

    I love science, and it pains me to think that so many are terrified of the subject or feel that choosing science means you cannot also choose compassion, or the arts, or be awed by nature. Science is not meant to cure us of mystery, but to reinvent and reinvigorate it.

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    Robert M. Sapolsky

    ...I might continue to believe that there is no god even if it were proved that there is. A religious friend of mine once remarked that the concept of god is useful, because you can berate god during the bad times. But it is clear to me that I don't need to believe there is a god in order to berate him.

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    Robert M. Sapolsky

    It's great to have a buff frontal cortex to do that harder thing - for example, help a person in need rather buy some useless, shiny gee-gaw.

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    Robert M. Sapolsky

    It's probably even the case that if you stoked up some Buddhist monks with tons of testosterone, they'd become wildly competitive as to who can do the most acts of random kindness.

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    Robert M. Sapolsky

    Most of us don't collapse into puddles of stress-related disease.

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    Robert M. Sapolsky

    Most people who do a lot of exercise, particularly in the form of competitive athletics, have unneurotic, extraverted, optimistic personalities to begin with. (Marathon runners are exceptions to this.)

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    Robert M. Sapolsky

    Naturally, things are more complicated - those groovy, pro-social effects of oxytocin apply to how we interact with in-group members.

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    Robert M. Sapolsky

    On an incredibly simplistic level, you can think of depression as occurring when your cortex thinks an abstract thought and manages to convince the rest of the brain that this is as real as a physical stressor.

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    Robert M. Sapolsky

    Only humans invent moralizing gods who monitor our behavior.

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    Robert M. Sapolsky

    Oxytocin is a Teflon hormone - bad news rolls off it.

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    Robert M. Sapolsky

    Oxytocin is lauded for how it promotes warmth, generosity, social bonding, cooperation, trust, and compassion.

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    Robert M. Sapolsky

    Perhaps most excitingly, we are uncovering the brain basis of our behaviors - normal, abnormal and in-between. We are mapping a neurobiology of what makes us us.

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    Robert M. Sapolsky

    Pulling a gun's trigger can be an appalling act. But if it is suicidal drawing fire to save someone, it has an utterly different meaning. Placing your hand on someone's arm can be an act of deep compassion or the first step of betrayal. The punch line? It's all about context, and the biology of context is vastly more complicated than the biology of the behavior itself.

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    Robert M. Sapolsky

    Some Poor grad student pressing on the flanks of a hamster and out comes a doctorate on the other side

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    Robert M. Sapolsky

    Stress is not a state of mind... it's measurable and dangerous, and humans can't seem to find their off-switch.

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    Robert M. Sapolsky

    The frontal cortex is an incredibly interesting part of the brain - ours is proportionately bigger and/or more complex than in any other species.

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    Robert M. Sapolsky

    The gigantic challenge is the magnitude of the individual differences in the optimal set point for "good stress." For one person, it's doing something risky with your bishop in a chess game; for someone else, it's becoming a mercenary in Yemen.

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    Robert M. Sapolsky

    The most important point of [Susan] Fiske's work is that it provides a taxonomy for our differing feelings about different Thems - sometimes fear, sometimes ridicule, sometimes contemptuous pity, sometimes savagery.

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    Robert M. Sapolsky

    The problem isn't testosterone and aggression; it's how often we reward aggression. And we do: We give medals to masters of the "right" kinds of aggression. We preferentially mate with them. We select them as our leaders.

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    Robert M. Sapolsky

    The purpose of science is not to cure us of our sense of mystery and wonder, but to constantly reinvent and reinvigorate it.

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    Robert M. Sapolsky

    The regulation of genes is often more interesting than the genes themselves, and it's the environment that regulates genes.

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    Robert M. Sapolsky

    There's the complex categorization of low warmth/high competence. This is the hostile stereotype of Asian Americans by white America, of Jews in Europe, of Indo-Pakistanis in East Africa, of Lebanese in West Africa, of ethnic Chinese in Indonesia, and of the rich by the poor most everywhere. It's the same low-high derogation: They're cold, greedy, clannish - -but, dang, they're sure good at making money and you should go to one who is a doctor if you're seriously sick.

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    Robert M. Sapolsky

    To out-group-members, oxytocin makes you crappier - less cooperative and more preemptively aggressive. It's not the luv hormone. It's the in-group parochialism/xenophobia hormone.

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    Robert M. Sapolsky

    Until you appreciate something crucial - It is incredibly easy to manipulate us as to who counts as an Us, who as a Them.

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    Robert M. Sapolsky

    We all seek out stress. We hate the wrong kinds of stress but when it's the right kind, we love it - we pay good money to be stressed by a scary movie, a roller coaster ride, a challenging puzzle.

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    Robert M. Sapolsky

    We live well enough to have the luxury to get ourselves sick with purely social, psychological stress.

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    Robert M. Sapolsky

    We're getting along so well; I trust you so much for this one second that I'm going to let you yank on me.

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    Robert M. Sapolsky

    We’ve evolved to be smart enough to make ourselves sick.

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    Robert M. Sapolsky

    What does the frontal cortex do? Gratification postponement, executive function, long-term planning, and impulse control. Basically, it makes you do the harder thing.

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    Robert M. Sapolsky

    What happened in the milliseconds before a behavior to cause it? That's in the neurobiological realm.